Hearing nazionale Idrocarburi - Definition and explanations

Introduction

L’Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi (ENI) est la société nationale italienne (Italienne est le nom communément utilisé pour le cordage servant a manœuvrer un enrouleur....) des pétroles, créée en 1953 sous la présidence d’Enrico Mattei et privatisée en 1998. L’État italien conserve une minorité du capital (environ 30 %).

It is present in the oil, gas sectors (a gas is a set of very weakly linked and ...) natural molecules or molecules of petrochemicals (petrochemicals is the science that is interested in useCompounds ...), generation of electrical energy and engineering.Present in 70 countries (countries comes from the Latin Pagus which designated a territorial and tribal subdivision of extent ...), its workforce is around 76,000 employees.Its turnover amounted to 113.2 billion euros in 2006 for a profit of 9.2 billion euros.

ENI, the first Italian company by its market capitalization, is the fifth oil group (an oil tanker is a cistern ship used to transport oil as well as its ...) global (classification by turnover) behind Exxonmobil (Exxonmobil Corporation(Nyse: xom) is an oil company and ...), BP, Royal Dutch Shell, Total (Total is the quality of what is complete, without exception.And in front of Chevron (Chevron: cut wooden piece, constituting part of the frame of a roof, section ...) and Conocophillips (Conocophillips (NYSE Euronext: COP) is an American company specializing in ...).

Story

Immediately after the First World War, Italy launched a research policy (scientific research first designates all of the actions undertaken in view ...) of oil and gas in its territory (the concept of territory has takenAn increasing importance in geography and especially in ...).In 1926 the Agip (Agenzia Generale Italiana Petrol) company was formed for this purpose.

Hydrocarbon surveys begin in Italy as well as in Romania, Albania and Iraq who entrusted such a mission to Agip on their territory.

Research continues until 1939 and was interrupted with the second (second is the feminine of the second adjective, who comes immediately after the first or who ...) World War.They resume upon the release of Italy.

The network (a computer network is a set of equipment linked together to exchange ...) AGIP distribution (whose logo will be a dog (the dog (Canis lupus familiaris) is a domestic mammal of the family of canids...) on six legs) is created while the activity (the term of activity can designate a profession.) of prospecting continues with such a mixed success that Enrico Mattei, appointed extraordinary administrator in 1950, is responsible for liquidating thesociety.(Some serious events, years later, will make say that the oil cartel at the time did not want this competitor).But, after the discovery of the Caviaga natural gas deposit, in the plain (a plain is a particular form of relief, it is a geographic space ...) of the PO, the liquidation process is stopped by Enrico Mattei itself.

The 1950s and 60s Italian economic boom

In 1953, the E.N.I."Identhe Idrocarburi" is created, Enrico Mattei will be his first president.

Did Y’All Know We Were Only Allowed to Eat Vanilla Ice Cream On The 4th of July?Which is that a lot of older south… https://t.co/bcu71q0i34

— DeAndra Sheppard Tue Sep 29 15:38:38 +0000 2020

The purpose of the organization aims to provide energy (in common sense, energy means everything that allows work to be done, to make ...) to Italy, by contributing to the industrial development of the country.Mattei compromises the monopoly of the main petroleum production companies, in particular, by introducing a new contractual formula with the producing countries.This formula, adopted for the first time in Egypt and Iran, allows the authorities of the local State to share the profits of the development of the production of gas and oil.It is the famous Fifty-Fifty.

Important discoveries are made in the sea (the term sea covers several realities.) Adriatic: near Ravenne the first offshore gas deposit (offshore is an English term originally designating the activities that take place off...) European and in Tunisia the deposit of "El Borma", one of the most important in Africa (an area of 30,221,532 km2 by including the islands, ...).

The 70s and 80s

ENI leaders see in natural gas the source of energy to deal with the crisis caused by the first shock (as soon as two entity interact violently, it is said that there is shock, whether it is...) Oil and sign agreements to import gas from the Soviet Union and the Netherlands.

The world record for drilling depth is broken by Eni with the discovery of the Malossa deposit, near Milan (Milan (in Italian Milano, Latin Mediolanum, in Lombard Milàn) is located in the north of ...) with 5500 meters.Eni installs, off Sicily (Sicily (Sicilia in Italian) is an autonomous region of Italy and the largest island in ...) the first remote controlled platform, on the Perla deposit.

The Snam "Società Nazionale Metanodotti", created in 1941, inaugurates the gas pipeline (a gas pipeline is a pipe intended for the transport of gasoline materials under pressure, ...) Transmed which, with more than 2500 km in length (the length of aObject is the distance between its two most extremities ...), connects Hassi-R-Mel, in the desert (the word desert today designates a sterile or little conducive zone for ...) Algerian, to the valley(A valley is a general depression of form ...) of the PO. The transmed crosses (a crosspiece is a fundamental element of the railway. It is a piece placed across ...) the Sicily channel whereIt is placed more than 650 meters deep.

A new offshore drilling record is broken off Otranto in southern Italy (the south is a cardinal point, opposed to the north), with more than 800 meters.

With the drilling of Villafortuna, near Novare (Novare (or Novarre) is an Italian city of approximately 104,300 inhabitants, located in ...), a new record of 6000 meters deep on earth (the earth is the thirdplanet of the solar system in order of distance ...) firm is reached.

The 90's

Eni, which was until then a public company, fully owned by the Italian State, will be privatized and becomes an anonymous company.Between 1995 and 1998, four public sales offers (OPV) placed around 63 % of the capital on the market.

Agip accroît ses activités internationales par de nouvelles acquisitions en Algérie, Chine, Angola, en mer du Nord (Le nord est un point cardinal, opposé au sud.) et en Egypte. La société signe des contrats importants avec le Kazakhstan, l'Azerbaïjan, le Nigéria et l'Angola. Dans ces deux derniers pays, les accords concernent le développement d'activités en eaux profondes.

Agip puts the "Aquila" well in the deep waters of the Otranto channel in the deep waters.

Le groupe ENI SpA incorpore Agip qui devient la Division (La division est une loi de composition qui à deux nombres associe le produit du premier par...) Exploration (L'exploration est le fait de chercher avec l'intention de découvrir quelque chose d'inconnu.) & Production. La production atteint 1 million (Un million (1 000 000) est l'entier naturel qui suit neuf cent quatre-vingt-dix-neuf...) de barils équivalent pétrole (bep) par jour (Le jour ou la journée est l'intervalle qui sépare le lever du coucher du Soleil ; c'est la...).

The new millennium (a millennium is a period of a thousand years, that is to say of ten centuries.)

Eni consolidates its position in prospecting and production activities through acquisition (in general the acquisition is the action which consists in obtaining information or acquiring a ...) of the British Borneo and Lasmo companies.Completion of the realization of Blue Stream, a 1250 km gas pipeline which links Russia to Turkey crossing the Black Sea (the Black Sea is a sea located between Europe and Anatolia. About ...).The maximum depth reaches 2150 meters on the seabed.

The important discovery of the giant Kashagan deposit is the first in a series of success in the Caspian Sea (the Caspian Sea is an inner sea of Asia. It is bordered by Russia (with ...).

Le processus d'intégration se poursuit : SNAM et AgipPetroli confluent (Un confluent, ou point de confluence, est le lieu où se rejoignent deux (parfois plus) cours d'eau.) dans ENI et deviennent respectivement la Division Gaz & Energie et la Division Raffinage & Commercialisation du groupe.

The project (a project is an irreversible commitment of uncertain, non -reproducible A ...) "Western Libya Gas", the first major project to enhance natural gas produced in Libya with export and marketing in Europe (Europe is a regionterrestrial which can be considered as a ...), is launched.The gas is transported by Greenstream, the longest submarine gas pipeline (a submarine is a ship capable of moving in the three dimensions, below the surface of ...) of the Mediterranean (520 km), which reachesThe 1127 meters deep.