Geography of Algeria - Definition and Explanations
Introduction
| Geography of Algeria | |
|---|---|
| Continent | Africa |
| Region | North Africa |
| Coordinates | 28°00 N, 3°00 E |
| Area (Area or surface area is a measure of a surface. By metonymy , we often designate...) | 11th rank ( Mathematics In linear algebra, the rank of a family of vectors is the dimension of the...) world2 381 740 km²Land: 100%Water: 0% |
| Coasts | 1,622 km |
| Borders | Total: 6,343: Libya 982 km, Mali 1,376 km, Mauritania 463 km, Morocco 1,559 km, Niger 956 km, Western Sahara 42 km, Tunisia 965 km |
| Altitude (Altitude is the vertical elevation of a place or object with respect to a level...) maximum | Tahat (3003 m) | < /tr>
| Minimum elevation | Chott Melrhir (-40 m) |
| Longest stream (Water is a ubiquitous chemical compound on Earth, essential for all...) | Chelif (725 km) |
| Largest body of water | ? |
Algeria is made up of a multitude of reliefs.
North (North is a cardinal point, opposite to south.) is criss-crossed by west (West is a cardinal point, opposite to east. This is the direction to which...) east by a double mountainous barrier (Tellian and Saharan Atlas) with chains such as the Dahra, the Ouarsenis, the Chenoua, the Hodna, the chains of Kabylia (the Djurdjura, the Babors and the Bibans) and the Aurès. The ground is covered with many forests in the center, vast plains in the east and the Sahara which alone represents 84% of the territory (The notion of territory has taken on increasing importance in geography and in particular in...). The area of the country (Pays comes from the Latin pagus which designated a territorial and tribal subdivision of extent...) is 2,381,741 km², four times the size of France or 60 times the size of Switzerland.
Physical geography
Algeria in the world (The word world can designate:)Algeria is by surface area the largest country around the Mediterranean and the second in Africa, after Sudan. In its southern part (the south is a cardinal point, opposite to the north.), it includes a significant part of the Sahara.
Geography
Topographic map (A topographic map is a reduced scale map showing the relief...) of Algeria| Indicator | Value |
| Area | 2,381,741 km² |
| Altitude extremities | −40 m chott Elmerhir East Touggourt< +3,003 m mount Tahat in the south of tassili |
| Coastline | 1,622 km |
| Length ( The length of an object is the distance between its two outer extremities of the land borders | 6,343 km |
| List of land borders | 1,559 km with Morocco1,376 km with Mali982 km with Libya965 km with Tunisia956 km with Niger463 km with Mauritania42 km with Western Sahara |
| Source: CIA World Factbook. |
To the north, the Tell Atlas forms with the Saharan Atlas, further south, two sets (In set theory, a set intuitively designates a collection...) of relief (Relief is the difference in height between two points. Nevertheless, this word is often used...) parallel approaching going towards the east, and between which between vast plains and high plateaus. The two Atlas tend to merge in eastern Algeria. Towards the interior of eastern Algeria. the vast mountain ranges of (Aurès) (Batna, Khenchela, Oum-El-Bouaghi, Aïn M'lila, Souk-Ahras, Guelma, Biskra, etc.) and Nememcha (Tebessa) occupy the whole of eastern Algeria and they are delimited by the border (A border is an imaginary line separating two territories, in particular two...) Tunisian. The Aurès occupy a surface (A surface generally designates the superficial layer of an object. The term a...) 500,000 km2. The highest point (Graphie) is Mount Chelia 2,328 meters above sea level. The earth (Earth is the third planet of the Solar System by order of distance...) the most fertile in the world is in the Aurès since it has not been cultivated before because of the historical reasons of the region and the lack of means.
The Tell strip, 80 km to 190 km wide, extends over almost 1,622 km of Mediterranean coast. It is made up of mountain ranges (Ouarsenis, Chenoua, Djurdjura, Babors and Bibans, etc.) along the coast and often separated by valleys, rich in their flora (Flora is all the species plants present in a space...) and their fauna, sheltering waterways such as the Chelif valley or the Soummam valley. Mount Lalla-Khadîdja, in Kabylie where the mountains are covered with snow (Snow is a form of precipitation, made up of crystallized ice and...) in winter (Winter is one of the four seasons in temperate zones.), is the highest point and rises to 2,308 meters above sea level. The plains of Tell shelter with the adjacent valleys the vast majority of the fertile lands of the country.
Snow-capped mountains of KabyliaBetween the Tell massifs and the Saharan Atlas, a large set (Although they escape a single definition, large sets are typically...) of plains and semi- arid are dug by many expanses of salt water, the chotts, dried according to the seasons. The lowest point in Algeria, reached at Chott Melrhir, drops to –40 m. The whole runs from the Moroccan borders to the west as far as the Hodna valley whose mountains sometimes connect the Tellian and Saharan Atlases.
The Saharan Atlas connects the Moroccan High Atlas to the Tunisian border passing, from West to East, through the Ksour, Djebel Amour, Ouled-Naïl, Zibans and Hodna mountains, which joins the Tell band, and continues in the Aurès culminating at more than 2,300 m. It is limited to the south by several oases (An oasis (from ancient Greek), in geography, designates a zone of vegetation...) constituting what is often called The door to the desert.
The Saharan part which covers more than 80% of the surface of Algeria, i.e. about 2 million km², is mainly made up of regs, ergs, oases and massifs (The word massif can be used as :) mountainous.
Dune cirque of Moul n'Aga, in the Tadrart (Tassili National Park)In the north of the Algerian Sahara, the great ergs, Occidental to the west, and Oriental to the east, separated by rocky plateaus such as the Mzab region and bordered to the south by the Tademaït plateau, constitute immense seas (The term sea covers several realities.) of sand (Sand, or arena, is a loose sedimentary rock, made up of small... ) punctuated with oases sometimes giving life (Life is the name given:) to important palm groves. To the south-west (The south-west is the direction halfway between the south and west cardinal points. Le...), extend the ergs Iguidi and Chech, immensity of linear sand dunes widely spaced from each other .
Further south, in the heart of the Sahara, the Hoggar massif (Hoggar (in Arabic: جبال هقار, en...)), whose highest point is the highest peak in Algeria with 3,003 meters at Mount Tahat, is made up of volcanic rocks forming peaks, "volcanic needles" and high desert plateaus. Hoggar, the Tassili n'Ajjer, an arid high plateau perched at an altitude of more than 1,000 meters, raise strongly eroded rock formations emerging from the sand dunes, sometimes giving the relief the appearance of a landscape (Etymologically, the landscape is the arrangement of features, characters, shapes of a lunar...) (For namesakes, see Pierrot lunaire, a work of vocal music by Arnold Schönberg.).
Topography
Volcano (A volcano is a terrestrial, underwater or extra-terrestrial relief formed by the ejection and...)
North
< p>To the north, the Tell Atlas forms with the Saharan Atlas, further south, two sets of parallel reliefs approaching towards the east, and between which are interspersed vast plains and high plateaus. The two Atlas tend to merge in eastern Algeria. Towards the interior of eastern Algeria, the vast mountain ranges of (Aurès) (Batna, Khenchela, Oum-El-Bouaghi, Aïn M'lila, Souk-Ahras, Guelma, Biskra, etc.) and Nememcha (Tebessa ) occupies the whole of eastern Algeria and they are delimited by the Tunisian border. The Aurès cover an area of 50,000 km2. The highest point is Mount Chelia 2,328 meters above sea level.The Tell strip, 80 km to 190 km wide, extends over nearly 1,200 km of Mediterranean coast. It is made up of mountain ranges (Ouarsenis, Chenoua, Djurdjura, Babors and Bibans...) along the coast and often separated by valleys, rich in their flora and fauna, sheltering courses of water like the Chelif valley or the Soummam valley. Mount Lalla-Khadîdja, in Kabylie where the mountains are covered with snow in winter, is the highest point and rises to 2,308 meters above sea level. The plains of Tell shelter with the adjacent valleys the vast majority of the fertile lands of the country.
Center
Between the Tell massifs and the Saharan Atlas, a large group of semi-arid plains and high plateaus are carved out by numerous expanses of salt water, the chotts, which have dried up in depending on the seasons. The lowest point in Algeria, reached at Chott Melrhir, drops to –40 m. The whole runs from the Moroccan borders to the west as far as the Hodna valley whose mountains sometimes connect the Tellian and Saharan Atlases.
South
The Saharan Atlas connects the Moroccan High Atlas to the Tunisian border passing, from West to East, through the Ksour, Djebel Amour, Ouled-Naïl, Zibans and the Hodna mountains, which joins the Tell band, and continues in the Aurès culminating at more than 2,300 m. It is limited to the south by several oases constituting what is often called The door of the desert.
The Saharan part which covers more than 80% of the surface of Algeria, i.e. about 2 million km², is mainly made up of regs, ergs, oases and mountainous massifs.
Dune cirque of Moul n'Aga, in the Tadrart (Tassili National Park)In the north of the Algerian Sahara, the great ergs, Occidental to the west, and Oriental to the east, separated by rocky plateaus such as the Mzab region and bordered to the south by the Tademaït plateau, constitute immense seas of sand punctuated with oases sometimes giving life to important palm groves. To the south-west lie the Ergs Iguidi and Chech, an immensity of linear sand dunes widely spaced from each other.
Further south, in the heart of the Sahara, the Hoggar massif, whose highest point is the highest peak in Algeria at 2,918 meters at Mount Tahat, is made up of volcanic rocks forming peaks, "needles volcanic" and high desert plateaus. To the east of the Hoggar, the Tassili n'Ajjer, an arid high plateau perched at an altitude of more than 1,000 meters, raise strongly eroded rock formations emerging from the sand dunes, sometimes giving the relief the appearance of a lunar landscape.
Climate (Climate is the statistical distribution of atmospheric conditions in a...)
(temperature and precipitation (In meteorology, the term precipitation refers to ice crystals or...) of the year)| month (Month (From Lat. mensis "month", and formerly Plur. "menses") is a period of time ...) | Jan. | Feb. | Tues. | Apr. | May | Jul. | Jul. | Aug. | Sep. | Oct. | nov. | dec. | year (A year is a unit of time expressing the duration between two occurrences of a related event...) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Temperature (The temperature is a physical quantity measured at using a thermometer and...) minimum average (The average is a statistical measure characterizing the elements of a set of...) (°C) | 0.1 | < td>35 | 9 | 12 | 15 | 17 | 19 | 14 | 11 | 6 | -1.3 | 11.5< /b> | |
| Average maximum temperature (°C) | 12 | 13 | 16 | 18 | 23 | 26 | 27 | 29 | 26 | 23 | 16 | 10 | 17.2 |
| Precipitation (mm) | 112 | 84 | 74 | 41 | 46 | < td>151 | 5 | 41 | 79 | 130 | 137 | 764 | |
| Number (The notion of number in linguistics is covered in the article "Number...) of days with rain (Rain generally means precipitation of water in the state...) | 12 | 8 | 5 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3.2 | 2 | 10 | 14 | |
| Record cold (Cold is the opposite sensation of hot, associated with temperatures (°C) | -11 | -8 | -5 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 9.4 | 13.4 | 13.8 | 11.6 | 7.2 | -4 | -10 | -9 |
| 24.4 | 30 | 28.8 | 37.2 | 38.8 | 41.6 | 41.1 | 47.2 | 44.4 | 37.7 | 31.1 | 24.4 | 47.2 |
The Algerian climatology center is under the responsibility of the National Office of Meteorology (The purpose of meteorology is the study of atmospheric phenomena...).
A Mediterranean climate (The Mediterranean climate is a type of temperate climate (or "temperate...) covers the North, while a desert climate reigns over the South. During the hottest month, summer in Algiers (Algiers, (Arabic: ??????? al-Jaz??ir, al-Dzayer; Berber: L?ayer), nicknamed Al...), is August.
In the south, the climate is dry. The Sahara is a very windy and arid region. The thermal amplitudes are generally considerable because of the variations in temperature and also extremely high during the day (The day or the day is the interval which separates the sunrise from the sunset; it is the...) and very low during the night.
In Algeria, the weather (Time is a concept developed by human beings to understand the...) is generally sunny, it is around 3,650 hours (The hour is a unit of measurement:) of sunshine ( The Sun (Sol in Latin, Helios or Ήλιος in Greek) is the star...) by year.
Temperatures
temperature diagram in the northThe temperatures vary between the day (The day or the day is the interval between sunrise and sunset; it is the...) and at night in the Sahara to the south. The barometer (The barometer is a measuring instrument, used in physics and...) indicates variables between 40°C during the day and 5°C at night. On the other hand, the North has a Mediterranean climate. In summer, temperatures are high. Average summer and winter temperatures are between 25°C and 11°C.
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In the north, in the coastal towns, winter temperatures vary between 8°C and 15°C. They rise to 25°C in May to reach an average of 28°C to 30°C in July and August (28°C in Skikda, 29.5°C in Algiers). Still in the north, in the mountains of Kabylia, the temperature is around 3°C or even −7°C in winter. Snow is common here in winter. The Kabylia region has several climatic zones. The coast and maritime Kabylie have a Mediterranean climate. The winter here is rather mild compared to the rest of the region, with an average temperature of 15°C. The summer period, cooled by the sea winds, has an average temperature of around 35°C. On the heights the climate is much harsher, with sometimes temperatures below zero (The number zero (from the Italian zero, derived from the Arabic sifr,...) and abundant snow in winter; and very hot, very dry summers, especially towards the south where the rainfall is less. However in the highest parts the summer temperature is moderated by the altitude. On the heights the climate is much harsher, with sometimes temperatures below zero and abundant snow in the winter, and very hot, very dry summers, especially towards the south where the rainfall is less.However, in the highest parts the summer temperature is moderated by the altitude.
On the plateaus and in the interior valleys, winter is essentially identical to that of the heights. But in summer, due to the isolation (The isolation of the presentation is today an extremely rare complication of...) and exposure to southerly winds, the temperatures are particularly high: it is the case in Medjana, on the Hauts-Plateaux, as in Akbou, in the Soummam valley, ideal corridor (In mathematics, an ideal is an algebraic structure defined in a ring....) for the passage of the sirocco. In the city (A city is an urban unit (a "human settlement" for...) of Tizi-Ouzou the temperature can reach 46°C when it is 35°C in Dellys.
In the center and west, in the highlands of the Djelfa region, the summer temperature varies from 30°C to 38°C.
In the east, the Aurès area, the winters are very cold, the temperature sometimes reaches -18°C with no humidity factor. Summers are very hot. The barometer sometimes displays 50°C in the shade (A shadow is a dark area created by the interposition of an opaque object (or only...). Temperature variations are very significant in this region of the world. Summer temperature ranges from 30°C to 38°C.
The northwest, such as Oran, Tlemcen, Mostaganem, etc., enjoys a classic Mediterranean climate marked by summer drought, mild winters, sky (The sky is the Earth's atmosphere as it is seen from the planet's ground.) bright and clear.
As for the south, in the Sahara, the temperature is 15 to 28°C in winter, to reach 40 to 45°C, or even more in summer.
Precipitation
The forest (A forest or a forest massif is a wooded expanse, relatively dense,...) of Bouhmama (Chelia), AurèsThe Tell, in the north of the country, has a climate Mediterranean, summers are hot and dry and winters are mild and rainy and sometimes snowy. This area is the wettest in Algeria, it is characterized by annual rainfall that varies between 400 and 1000 mm of water.
Kabylia benefits from relatively abundant rainfall which has facilitated the development of typical agriculture. In Grande Kabylie, the interior regions are more watered due to the ascent and decompression of the humid winds: thus in Larbaâ Nath Irathen, the rainfall is 1,059 mm against 833 mm in Tizi Ouzou.
A ridge line that crosses (A cross is a fundamental element of the railway. It is a piece placed across...) the region by joining the Blidian Atlas, the Djurdjura, the Babors, the massif of Collo and the Edough, separates a very rainy northern zone (more than 800 mm of precipitation per year) and a less watered southern zone. This difference in rainfall would have resulted in more or less dense natural vegetation (Vegetation is the set of wild or cultivated plants (flora) which...): on the northern slopes, initially covered with an inhospitable forest, which later became land of orchards, would thus oppose southern slopes more easily and probably more precociously populated, because more immediately conducive to culture (Culture is a pan-galactic civilization invented by Iain M. Banks through his. ..) and breeding. This factor introduces an additional element of distinction between Grande Kabylie and Petite Kabylie. Indeed the first, if we exclude the slope (In geomorphology, a slope is an inclined topographic surface, located between...) south of Djurdjura (as does the layout of the current wilaya of Tizi -Ouzou), is entirely in a zone of high rainfall. On the contrary, in Petite Kabylie the combined orientations of the coastline and the relief leave little depth to the northern slopes. They make more room for less humid areas, such as Guergour and Ferdjioua which extend between Babors and Hauts-Plateaux.
In the Aurès, the quantity (The quantity is a generic term of metrology (count, amount); a scalar,...) of rain indicates 100 mm of annual average. However, torrential rains are observed in the Aurès. The damage caused by floods can be considerable, especially in the Wilaya of Batna.
In the northwest of Algeria, during the summer months, rainfall becomes scarce or non-existent, and the sky is bright and clear. The subtropical anticyclone covers the Oran region for almost four months. On the other hand, the region is well watered during the winter. Low precipitation (294mm of rain) and its frequency (In physics, frequency generally refers to the measurement of the number of times a...) 72 9 days per year) are also characteristic of this climate.
The regions of the Sahara are characterized by an arid and dry climate. In the North, the amount of rain indicates 100 mm of annual average and in the South, it is 20 mm. In coastal regions, the annual average is 200 mm. However, torrential rains are observed in Algeria in several cities. The damage is considerable. In 2008, the city of Ghardaïa, which is part of the world heritage, was flooded by a large amount of torrential rain.
The annual rainfall recorded in the Hauts-Plateaux and in the Saharan Atlas does not exceed the amount of 200 to 400 mm of rain. But, the height (The height has several meanings depending on the area addressed.) of the annual rainfall is often less than (130 mm in the whole of the Algerian Sahara.
Wind factor (Wind is the movement of an atmosphere, mass of gas located on the surface...)
The winds are very variable in the North and in the South. Wind forces do not exceed 120 km/h. In the South, they move between 60 and 200 million tons of dust in the air every year (Air is the mixture of gases that make up the Earth's atmosphere. It is odorless and...). They raise 10 to 20 million tons of sand. In summer, the Sirocco, a very dry and very hot wind (called the Chehili or chile), goes from south to north.
Earthquakes and seismic risk in Algeria
The fault between the African and Eurasian tectonic plates goes through everything (The whole understood as a whole of what exists is often interpreted as the world or...) the Algerian coast< p>The entire northern coast of Algeria is in a tectonic zone (The tectonic (from the Greek "τ?κτων" or "tekt?n"...) that is most prone to earthquakes. This zone is classified among the most seismologically active areas In October 1980, a large earthquake devastated Al Asnam (currently Chlef), this tremor (tremors are abnormal involuntary, rhythmic and oscillatory movements, weak...) of earth killed 3,000 , and destroyed 80% of the city of Chlef, and caused damage estimated at 10 billion Algerian dinars. Then, in May 2003, a terrible second (Le Terrible was a 2nd rank ship of the line and 78 guns, designed by François Coulomb,...) earthquake killed more than 2,000 people and injured several thousand and homeless in Boumerdès, this earthquake caused 1,400 victims in the wilaya of Boumerdès, and because of the damage estimated at 5 billion U.S. dollars. “The northern coast of Algeria is crossed by a limit of converging continental lithospheric plates: the Eurasian plate, to the north, overlaps the African plate to the south. It is in this thrust fault that the earthquakes in the region are triggered”.Algeria is divided into two tectonic plates separated by the South Atlas fault. To the north is the alpine tectonics and to the south the Saharan platform, which is quite stable.
Hydrography (Hydrography is the study and description of rivers and water bodies (oceans,...)
SoummamThere are some coastal rivers or in the center or in the east as Aïn El Hammam (hammam (????? in Arabic, hamam in Turkish). Called "Moorish bath" (in reference to...), Soummam, Medjerda, Rhummel, Sebaou, Aïn El Hammam, Hamiz, Macta, Mazafran, etc. However, the Chelifou chéliff remains the longest river (In French-speaking hydrography, a river is a watercourse that flows into the sea or into...) in Algeria and its length is 725 km. This river is located in the northwest (The northwest is the direction between the cardinal points north and west. The northwest is...) of Algeria, it has its source in the Tellian Atlas and flows into the Mediterranean coast. It discharges, in increased periods, 1,500 m3 per second (Second is the feminine of the adjective second, which comes immediately after the first or Who...).
South of the Tell region, the waterways are not permanent. There are many lakes in the desert regions, but they are temporary and salty lakes for the majority like Chott ech Chergui and Chott el Hodna. The waterways of the Tell flow into the Mediterranean. But, those who descend towards the Saharan Atlas are part of the largest water reserve in the world. They form a water table called the Albian water table. This aquifer is the largest freshwater reserve in the world, it is buried under the sand of the Algerian desert and has an area of 900,000 km2. It runs along almost the entire Algerian Sahara, which will make access to water easy for the five neighboring countries of Algeria within a few years. Adrar has large water reserves made up of the intercalary continental aquifer.
Oued AbiodThe oases, which are part of the water network of the country, are several such as Djanet, Ghardaïa, Ouargla, Oued Righ, Tabelbala , Tamanghasset, Timimoun, Touggourt, Tolga, Filiach, Zaatcha, etc. The oasis of Tolga and the Ziban are fed by the underground networks of the Aurès. Finally, Igharghar also contains a large amount of water underground, it supplies a large part of the palm groves of the South and Wadi R'hir. Significant drilling of the water table will be carried out to bring more water to the arid regions of Algeria.
In the Aurès and the east, the major water rivers are Oued Abiod, Oued Abdi, Oued el Ahmer, Oued Taga, marshes (In geography, a marsh is a type of landscape formation, with little relief.. .) of Medghassen, marshes of Draâ Boultif, Chott Djendli, Chott Tincilt, Oued El Madher, Rhummel in Constantine, etc. The Oases in the Aurès are El Kantara and Ghoufi.
The region also has thermal springs such as the hot fountain Hammam Essalihine of Khenchela, Hammam el Knif, source of Batna (Kasrou), source of Biskra, source of Guelma (hamam Maskhoutine), Oued Charef in the Wilaya of Souk Ahras , etc.
To the northeast, Seybouse is a river (In hydrography, a river is a watercourse that flows under the effect of the...) formed near Guelma by the Cheref wadi and the Zenati, its basin is the widest in Algeria, and its lands are among the most fertile, it joins the Mediterranean near Annaba (Annaba (in Arabic عنابة) (former Hippone, Bône) is one of...).
In Kabylia and the center, Chabet el akhra, the gorges of Palestro, Chiffa, Soummam, etc., are fed by Chéliff.
Water dams
Sight (Sight is the sense that allows us to observe and analyze the environment by receiving and...) on the dam (A dam is a work of art built in across a watercourse and intended to...) Taqsebt and the city of Tizi-OuzouAccording to the Ministry of Water Resources: "Algeria has 50 dams in operation, 11 are in the process of being built and 50 other dams under study”. These should be completed before 2020.
Algeria must catch up. The country loses 50% of water in leaks. Desalination (The desalination of water (also called desalination or desalination) is a...) is favored by the State. Indeed, the government has installed some desalination stations in Algiers and Tipasa. Several important centers, such as Arzew which provided (The Foúrnoi Korséon (Greek: Φούρνοι...) 90,000 m3 or the center of Beni Saf, have improved the situation (In geography, the situation is a spatial concept allowing the relative location of a...) of the lack of water in certain cities.
The dams in Algeria are Hamiz, located 35 kilometers from Algiers; Béni Haroun in the wilaya of Mila; Timgad Dam; [[Taqsebt] ]; Tichy-haf; Tilesdit; Koudiat Acerdoun; Ourkis dam; Kherrata dam in the Wilaya of Béjaïa; etc
To the west, many dams supply towns such as Beni Bahdel, Sikkak Bekkhedda, Dahmouni, Bentaïba, Ghrib, Bougara, Sidi M'Hamed Bénaouda dam, etc. There are also sewage treatment plants. water as in El Kerma.
Fauna and flora
Dromedary (The dromedary or Vikar or Arabian camel (Camelus dromedarius) is a species of...) displacement (In geometry, a displacement is a similarity that preserves distances and angles...)Cartography (Cartography refers to the production and study of geographical maps. The...) of parksThere are several protected parks in Algeria including Chréa, Parc (A park is a natural land enclosed ,[1] formed of woods or meadows, in which were...) Belzma National Park, Ahaggar National Park, Chréa National Park, Tassili National Park, Gouraya National Park, Djurdjura National Park, the nature reserve of the lake (In limnology, a lake is a large expanse of water located in a continent where it...) birds of El Taref etc. Also, the country has huge animal and plant varieties.
The species (In the life sciences, the plant species (from the Latin species, “type”) is made up of several categories including 314 fairly rare genera, 30 rare, 330 very rare and 600 endemic, 64 of which are found in the Sahara.In all, 226 species are threatened with extinction.
Algeria has 107 species of mammals, 47 of which are protected and 30 are threatened with extinction. It also counts 336 birds of which 107 are protected.
Southern Algeria is home to a fauna composed mainly of fennec foxes, gazelles, jerboas, sand cats, cheetahs, porcupines and lizards. On the heights, in the escarpments of the Hoggar, one can find the mouflon (Mouflon is an ambiguous vernacular name in French. The mouflons are wild sheep...) with a cuff. In the north of the country, the countryside is populated by striped hyenas, foxes, weasels, wild cats, hares, jackals and wild boars. The monkey (A monkey (from the Latin simius, plural Simia) is an animal belonging to the group constituted by...) macaque (The word macaque comes from the Portuguese macaco, which means "monkey", this word...) prefers when to him the forest areas. In winter, Algeria becomes the land of welcome for certain European migratory birds, including storks. Finally, the animals most often encountered in Algeria are the dromedary, locally called baâir or maheri, the sheep (The sheep (Ovis aries) is a herbivorous domestic mammal of the Bovidae family, etc.), the goat (The domestic goat is a herbivorous and ruminant mammal, belonging to the...) and the horse (The horse (Equus ferus caballus or equus caballus) is a large herbivorous mammal and...).
There is a fish in the south (Pisces is a constellation of the zodiac crossed by the Sun from March 12 to 18...) of sand whose name is Cherchmana, he lives in the Sahara.
Natural resources and deposits
Map of producing basins in AlgeriaThe main deposits in Algeria are among the largest in the world. Generally they are located is found in the South. According to Sonatrach (Sonatrach (“National Society for Research, Production, Transport, etc.), 67% of hydrocarbon reserves are located in the regions of Oued Mya and Hassi Messaoud. Gas (A gas is a set atoms or molecules very weakly bound and...) in Hassi R'mel and petroleum (Petroleum is a liquid carbonaceous rock, or mineral oil. The exploitation of...) in Hassi Messaoud (oil). Illizi contains 14% of the reserves Finally, Rhourde Nouss contains 9% and Ahnet Timimoun 4% and Berkine Sites operated to pump oil to search for hydrocarbons, currently, in Algeria, are: Hassi Messaoud, Ain Amenas, Hassi R'mel, Stah, Rourde Nouss, Tin Fouyé Tabankort, Gassi Touil, Ohanet, Haoud Berkaoui, Hassi Berkine, Ourhoud, Mensel Lejmet Nord and satellites (Satellite may refer to:), Rhourde Ouled Djemaa, Touat, El Gassi, Ain Salah, Rhourde El Baguel.
A quantity of gas was located in the regions of Tabankort, Béchar, Timimoun and Reggane in 2009.
The activity (The term activity can designate a profession.) mining in Algeria is very diversified, we observe more than thirty substances which are exploited among them: iron (Iron is a chemical element, symbol Fe and atomic number 26. It is...), salt, zinc (Zinc (pronunciation /zɛ̃k/ or /zɛ̃ɡ/) is an element...), lead (Lead is a chemical element of the family of crystallogens, symbol Pb and...), baryta, marble (Marble is a metamorphic rock derived from limestone, existing in a large...), gold, tungsten (Tungsten is a chemical element of the periodic table with symbol W (of...), diamond (Diamond is a mineral composed of carbon (just like graphite and...), rare earths (Rare earths are a group of metals with similar properties including.. .), rare metals and precious and semi-precious stones Iron is found in Ghare Djébilet and Mecheri Abdlaziz to the east of Tindouf (35 billion tonnes at 57% Fe), Ouenza and Boukhadra, Djsbel Hanini in Sétif . In Hoggar, there are 730,000 tons of gold at the Tirek deposit. Amessmessa contains 3.34 million tonnes (18g/t). Finally, two other deposits are in Tiririne and In Abgui. Barite represents 40,000 tonnes; lead-zinc is mined in the north of the country and the potential is 150 million tonnes. Bentonite is located in the western regions of Maghnia and Mostaganem. Algeria has a large quantity of salt either in gem (A gem is a fine, precious or ornamental stone or any material...) (one millirad of tons) or lagoon in the chotts and to the east. The deposit of phosphate (A phosphate, in inorganic chemistry, is a salt of phosphoric acid resulting from the attack...) is in Tebessa (Djabel Onk), it contains 2 million tons. Uranium (Uranium is a chemical element with symbol U and atomic number 92. It is a...) is located in Hoggar.
The country conceals several deposits also notably of gypsum (Gypsum is a mineral species composed of hydrated sulphate of calcium from...), limestone, sand, clay, dolomite, aggregate quarries, deposits for the manufacture of cement, etc.
Fishing
The Algerian coast runs along 1,200 km, divided into fourteen maritime wilayas. Each wilaya has a certain number of ports, fishing shelters and stranding beaches. 64 landing sites along the Algerian coast: 32 ports; 23 stranding beaches; 4 shelter sites developed; 5 natural shelter sites. The most consumed fish species are: demersal fish, small pelagic, large pelagic, sharks and dogfish, crustaceans (Crustaceans (Crustacea) are arthropods, i.e. animals whose bodies...) and molluscs . Algeria fishes almost 230,000 tonnes a year, according to the Ministry of Fisheries and Fishery Resources. Coral (Coral is an animal of the Cnidarian phylum, generally living in colonies...) is regulated in Algeria, it is found on the east coast, El Kala in the Wilaya of El-Tarf.
Agriculture
Field (A field corresponds to a concept of defined space:) of agriculture in AdrarAccording to the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, the share of agricultural added value in GDP is 10.1%. The irrigated surfaces represent 835,197 ha in 2006. Several trees were planted in order to slow down the advance of the desert like the green dam (Green is a complementary color corresponding to the light which has a wavelength...). The total area of forest ravaged by fire (Fire is the production of a flame by an exothermic chemical reaction of oxidation...) during the year 2006 was estimated at 16,916 ha. Nearly 900 million m3 of flood waters are used for spate irrigation of 498,000 ha for fodder production. The arboreal and viticultural production potential amounts to nearly one million (One million (1,000,000) is the natural number that follows nine hundred and ninety-nine...) hectares in 2006. Harvested areas in all species combined is 2,671,140 ha, wheat ("Wheat" is a generic term which designates several...) lasts represents 1,162,882 ha, soft wheat (Soft wheat (Triticum aestivum L. subsp. aestivum ) is the most important species of...) 620,945 ha, barley 812,280 ha and oats 75,035 ha. Forage cultivation (The UNESCO definition of cultivation is as follows [1]:) totals 788,542 ha. Pulses are spread over 66,866 ha and potato cultivation is 58,632 ha.
The area of market gardening represents 372,096 ha. Industrial crops including tomatoes, tobacco and peanuts make up 10,569 ha. Stone and pome fruit cultivation is 280,387 ha and citrus uses 57,064 ha. The two companies Ifri or N'Gaous produce juice from the harvest (La Récolte (Countrycide) is the sixth episode of the English science series...). Viticulture covers 97,063 ha and the ONCV takes care of the production of wine from the vineyards. Olive growing in the globe 263,352 ha, the best known region is Kabylie for olive trees and olive oil. Date palm farming is mainly based in the South. The number of date palms is estimated at 17 1 million. each palm tree produces between 45 to 51 kg of dates. Sheep breeding has a workforce of 19.6 million heads, followed by goats with 3.7 million heads. As for cattle, they have 1.6 million heads and last camels are estimated at 0.3 million heads.
Finally, the beekeeping workforce has 964,026 hives. For the forest sub-sector, an area of 34,593 ha of forest plantation (A plantation is an agricultural exploitation in monoculture of crops with high value...) was carried out in 2006.
Several projects to fight against desertification (Desertification is a natural phenomenon or not which has its origin in variations...) and the development of pastoralism have been initiated. The state plans to regenerate 2,817,194 ha; rehabilitation of 25,891 ha through pastoral planting in very arid areas; the completion of 526,532 m3 of torrential correction; irrigation of 22,053 ha by spreading flood waters through the construction of 282 diversion ceds; the construction of 631 watering points (djoubs, wells, springs, boreholes and ponds) and the construction of 206,253 million liters (The liter (from the Greek λίτρα lítra, old measure of capacity...) of seguias and finally watering (djoubs, wells, springs, boreholes and ponds).
Ports
The coast is 1200 km long.
The number of ports is 17:
Main cities
Constantine, suspension bridge (A suspension bridge designates a metal structure whose deck is attached by...), built in the 19th centuryThe rate of Algeria's urbanization is approaching 60%, and continues to increase (with more sustained growth in southern Algeria) despite government efforts to curb migration to cities. Algeria has more than thirty urban agglomerations of more than 100,000 inhabitants, almost all concentrated in the north of the country. The largest city is Algiers, a megalopolis (A megalopolis is a very large agglomeration, the threshold of which has been set by the UN at 8...) of more than six million inhabitants, i.e. more than one tenth of the global population , which makes it the first agglomeration (An agglomeration is an urban unit which rests on the continuity of the built....) of the Maghreb.
There are also among the main Algerian cities, in terms of population, cultural influence or economic importance: Oran, on the west coast, the country's second largest city; Constantine, an important cultural, industrial and university centre; Annaba to the east, a tourist and economic city home to ArcelorMittal, which is the largest steel complex in Africa; Batna, commercial and cultural industrial city, capital (A capital (from the Latin caput, capitis, head) is a city where the powers sit,...) of the Aurès; Sétif, industrial and university city, capital of the high plateaus; Tlemcen, cultural, artistic, economic and industrial city; Blida, cultural and industrial city; Chlef, cultural and industrial city; Skikda has an important port and is a tourist and industrial city; Sidi-Bel-Abbès, commercial and industrial city; Djelfa, cultural and tourist city; Biskra, cultural and industrial city, capital of Ziban; Tiaret, cultural and tourist city; Béjaïa, important oil port (An oil tanker is a tanker used to transport oil as well as its...) and commercial (A commercial (a commercial) is a person whose job is related to the sale.) Mediterranean; Mostaganem, industrial city hosting the first port of Algeria; Tébessa, commercial and tourist city; Skikda has an important port and is a tourist and industrial city; Ouargla, capital of the Oases; Tizi-Ouzou, capital of Haute Kabylie; Tamanghasset, capital of Hoggar; Ghardaïa, tourist town and capital of the Mzab; etc
Human geography (Human geography is the spatial study of human activities on the surface of the globe, so...)
View of the wilaya of Algiers.Algiers is home to more than 6,488,795 inhabitants in 2009, which makes it the most populated wilaya in Algeria and the Maghreb. In 1997, the Governorate of Greater Algiers included Tipaza, Blida and Boumerdès. The increase of the inhabitants in the cities is due to the rural exodus caused mainly by terrorism and the economic situation of the country in the last years.
As for the wilayas of the South, it should be noted that several inhabitants of the North are installed in the South, especially in the cities of oil industry (The oil industry deals with the industrial chain of oil and gas ...) and gas such as Hassi Messaoud and Hassi R'mel.
There is also a nomadic population, generally settled in the South. On the one hand the Sahari north of the Sahara, on the other hand the Touargs in the south. Their census is difficult to carry out given their seasonal displacement and the complexity (Complexity is a concept used in philosophy, epistemology (by...) of their geographical situation.
| Wilayas of Algeria by inhabitants | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N° | Wilaya | Pop. (2007) | N° | Wilaya | Pop. (2007) |
| 1 | Adrar | 371,761 inhabitants | 25 | Constantine | 913,338 inhabitants |
| 2 | Chlef | 976,269 inhabitants | 26 | Médéa | 902,678 inhabitants< /td> |
| 3 | Laghouat | 381,124 inhabitants | 27 | Mostaganem | 713,162 inhabitants |
| 4 | Oum-El -Bouaghi | 586,087 inhabitants | 28 | M'Sila | 805,519 inhabitants |
| 5 | Batna | 1,108,779 inhabitants | 29 | Mascara | 945,633 inhabitants |
| 6 | Béjaïa | 953,953 inhabitants | 30 | Ouargla | 945,633 inhabitants |
| 7 | Biskra | 685,391 inhabitants | 31 | Oran | 1,382,980 inhabitants |
| 8 | Béchar | 258,677 inhabitants | 32 | El-Bayadh | 200,969 inhabitants |
| 9 | Blida | 890,484 inhabitants | 33 | < td>Illizi200,969 inhabitants | |
| 10 | Bouira | 708,343 inhabitants | 34 | Bordj-Bou-Arreridj | 639,653 inhabitants |
| 11 | Tamanrasset | 170,778 inhabitants | 35 | < td>Boumerdes727,531 inhabitants | |
| 12 | Tébessa | 634,332 inhabitants | 36 | El-Taref | 407,202 inhabitants | < /tr>
| 13 | Tlemcen | 950,431 inhabitants | 37 | Tindouf | 32,683 inhabitants |
| 14 | Tiaret | 839,011 inhabitants | 38 | Tissemsilt | 304,594 inhabitants | 15 | Tizi-Ouzou | 1,226,115 inhabitants | 39 | < b>El Oued | 617,691 inhabitants |
| 16 | Algiers | 6,488,795 inhabitants | 40 | Khenchela | 377,577 inhabitants |
| 17 | Djelfa | 976,037 inhabitants | 41 | Souk Ahras | 412,281 inhabitants |
| 18 | Jijel | 650,771 inhabitants | 42 | Tipaza | 571,619 inhabitants |
| 19 | Sétif | 1,498,953 inhabitants | 43 | Mila< /b> | 768,669 inhabitants |
| 20 | Saida | 318,717 inhabitants | 44 | Aïn Defla | 754,692 inhabitants |
| 21 | Skikda | 318,717 inhabitants | 45 | Naâma | 146,157 inhabitants |
| 22 | Sidi Bel Abbès | 594 098 inhabitants | 46 | Ain Témouchent | 368,309 inhabitants |
| 23 | Annaba | 621,786 inhabitants | 47 | Ghardaïa< /td> | 361,570 inhabitants |
| 24 | Guelma | 480,258 inhabitants< /td> | 48 | Relizane | 723,355 inhabitants |
| Source: Ministry of Interior and Local Authorities (Algeria). |
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